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A modal verb indicates modality (that expresses a speaker’s general intention), i.e. likelihood, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order, obligation, advice etc. We use modals to show if we believe something is certain, probable or possible.
To know what a modal verb is, one must understand the functionality of auxiliary verbs, as modal verbs are also called modal auxiliary verbs.
 
An auxiliary verb is a combination of the Primary auxiliary and the modals.
 
Auxiliary Verb.png
An Auxiliary verb is a helping verb used with a main verb to form a verb phrase. It indicates the main verb'stense, mood and grammatical aspects.
Three primary forms of primary auxiliary verbs are: "Be", "Have", "Do"
Example:
1. Yes, I have a pen.
2. I am speaking to you now.
3. No. I did not do that.
Modals are also known as modal auxiliary verbs. Modal Verbs are verbs that help the main verb to express one of the following:

Ability
Possibility/probability
Instruction
Permission
Obligation
Requests
Offer
Advice
The modal verbs are: Shall, Should, Will, Would, Can, Could, May, Might.
 
 Some of the Primary auxiliary sentences from the lesson "Tech Bloomers":
  1. I didn’t think I could do anything like that.
  2. Your entire water and energy management can be taken care of by automating all the activities.
  3. Your refrigerator can directly link to the e-commerce site and order milk if it is about to be exhausted.
  4. May be it means you can keep in touch with your family and talk to and even see relatives who live far away.
  5. But it would have been frustrating and challenging.