21. Summary of the carbon and its compounds

Carbon may be a versatile element that forms the idea for all living organisms and many items we use.

There are enormous compound that are made by carbon due to its tetravalency and, therefore, the property of catenation that it exhibits.

Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms to realize a filled outermost shell. 

Carbon forms covalent bonds with other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine.

Carbon also forms compounds containing double and triple bonds between carbon atoms.

These carbon chains could also be within the sort of straight chains, branched chains or rings.

The ability of carbon to make chains gives rise to a homologous series of compounds during which an equivalent functional group is attached to carbon chains of various lengths.

The functional groups like alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids bestow characteristic properties to the carbon compounds that contain them.

Carbon and its compounds are a number of our primary sources of fuel.

Ethanol and acetic acid are carbon compounds of importance in our daily lives.

The action of soaps and detergents is predicated on the presence of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups within the molecule. This helps to emulsify the oily dirt and hence its removal.