64. Intext question XVI

 

TranspirationRespiration is the oxidation process in cellular metabolism, which involves the degradation of food substances to generate energy.

 

It involves the break down of glucose (\(six\)-carbon molecule) to fumaratepyruvate  (\(three\)-carbon molecule) happens in the cytoplasmmitochondria. The process is called glycolysisglycogenesis which is the common part between the aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

 

In aerobic respirationanaerobic respiration, cells use oxygen for the oxidation of food substances. The site of respiration is the mitochondria of the cells. Pyruvate is converted to carbon dioxide and water. As a result, greater number of ATP is produced per glucose molecule.

 

In anaerobic respiration, oxidation of food substances occurs in the absence of oxygen. It is also known as fermentationoxidation. The site of respiration is the cell's cytoplasm. As a result, lesser number of ATP is produced per glucose molecule. Anaerobic respiration occurs during the deficiency of \(O_2\). In yeast and other microbes, pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide by fermentation.