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Sketch the cross section of soil and label the various layers.
A vertical section through different soil layers is called the soil profile. Each layer has various textures, colours, depths, and chemical compositions, and these layers are called horizons.
(i). : This layer is called the topsoil and forms the uppermost horizon. It is rich in humus and minerals and dark in colour. This layer is soft and porous and can retain more water.
(ii). : It is called the middle layer. It is harder and more compact. It has a lesser amount of humus but more minerals.
(iii). : It comprises small lumps of rocks with cracks and crevices.
(iv). : This is the bottom-most layer. It is made up of hard rocks, and hence, it is very hard and difficult to dig further.
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