36. NCERT Exemplar XVIII

1. Why does moon have very cold and very hot temperature variations e.g., from -$190°C$ to $110°C$ even though it is at the same distance from the sun as the earth is?

  

The atmosphere is important for climate control and serves as a temperature buffer. It prevents the sudden increase in temperature during the daylight hour. It reduces the amount of heat that escapes into outer space during the night, preventing excessive freezingcoolingheating. In this way, the average temperature of the earth remains fairly steady. Although the moon is at the same distance from the sun as the earth is, since the moon has atmosphere very closelyhas no atmospherehas atmosphere at long distance, the temperature on the moon's surface shows large variations. Moon gets heated up as the sun's rays fall on its surface and it cools down drastically when the sun's rays are not falling over it.

 

2. Why do people love to fly kites near the seashore?

During the day, there is a steady flow of cool air from the sea to the land in coastal locations. During the day, the air above the land heats up quickly and rises. This rising of air creates a low volumehigh volumehigh pressurelow pressure region. The cooler air from the sea constantly moves into this area of low volumelow pressurehigh pressurehigh volume. This continuous movement of air from sea to land creates winds and the direction of this wind would be from sea to land. So, flying kites near the seashore is easy and joyful compared to anywhere else.