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Read and understand the below passage about the "Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus" carefully and write the correct answer for all the questions:
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER):
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a three-dimensional, complicated and interconnected system of membrane-lined channels running through the cytoplasm. It is made up of membranous sheets and tubules. It extends from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm and occurs in three different forms.
Cisternae: They are flat interconnected sac-like parts of ER
Vesicles: They are oval or rounded sacs that appear like small vacuoles
Tubules: They are tube-like extensions, which may be connected with cisternae or vesicles to form a network system.
Vesicles: They are oval or rounded sacs that appear like small vacuoles
Tubules: They are tube-like extensions, which may be connected with cisternae or vesicles to form a network system.
Depending upon the nature of its membrane, ER is of two types: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
When we observe RER under a microscope, it looks like having a rough surface. The outer membrane of the RER is studded with protein-synthesizing particles known as ribosomes. The rough ER is associated with protein synthesis.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum looks smooth when observed under a microscope because it does not have ribosomes studded on its surface. It is associated mainly with lipid (fat) and steroid hormone biosynthesis, which helps to build cell membrane; this process is called membrane biogenesis.
SER plays a vital role in the detoxification of drugs in liver cells. ER helps the intercellular transport of proteins. It is one of the major transport systems of the cell.
Golgi apparatus:
The Golgi apparatus is a cell organelle that was first described by Camillo Golgi. It consists of a system of membrane-bound fluid-filled vesicles (flattened sacs) arranged parallel to each other. They arranged in the form of stacks are called cisterns. These cisterns are smooth and flattened in structure. These vesicles' membranes have connections with the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. This connection of membrane constitutes a complex cellular membrane system.
Golgi apparatus arises from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi apparatus is also known as dictyosomes in plant cells. Dictyosomes refer to stacks of flat membrane-bound cisternae, which together form the Golgi apparatus in a plant cell.
Materials that are synthesized near to ER are transported by Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus helps in packaging and dispatching these materials to targets inside and outside the cell. Storage, modification and packaging of products are the main functions of the Golgi apparatus, which are happening in vesicles. Also, in some cases, the Golgi apparatus converts complex sugars from simple sugars.
The formation of lysosomes also occurs with the help of the Golgi apparatus. Synthesizing the cell wall and plasma membrane takes place with the help of the Golgi apparatus.
When we observe RER under a microscope, it looks like having a rough surface. The outer membrane of the RER is studded with protein-synthesizing particles known as ribosomes. The rough ER is associated with protein synthesis.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum looks smooth when observed under a microscope because it does not have ribosomes studded on its surface. It is associated mainly with lipid (fat) and steroid hormone biosynthesis, which helps to build cell membrane; this process is called membrane biogenesis.
SER plays a vital role in the detoxification of drugs in liver cells. ER helps the intercellular transport of proteins. It is one of the major transport systems of the cell.
Golgi apparatus:
The Golgi apparatus is a cell organelle that was first described by Camillo Golgi. It consists of a system of membrane-bound fluid-filled vesicles (flattened sacs) arranged parallel to each other. They arranged in the form of stacks are called cisterns. These cisterns are smooth and flattened in structure. These vesicles' membranes have connections with the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. This connection of membrane constitutes a complex cellular membrane system.
Golgi apparatus arises from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi apparatus is also known as dictyosomes in plant cells. Dictyosomes refer to stacks of flat membrane-bound cisternae, which together form the Golgi apparatus in a plant cell.
Materials that are synthesized near to ER are transported by Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus helps in packaging and dispatching these materials to targets inside and outside the cell. Storage, modification and packaging of products are the main functions of the Golgi apparatus, which are happening in vesicles. Also, in some cases, the Golgi apparatus converts complex sugars from simple sugars.
The formation of lysosomes also occurs with the help of the Golgi apparatus. Synthesizing the cell wall and plasma membrane takes place with the help of the Golgi apparatus.
1. Which cell organelle running through Cytoplasm?
2. Which cell organelle helps in building the cell membrane?
3. Materials which are synthesized near to ER are transported by
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