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1. Explain the process of controlled and uncontrolled chain reactions.
A chain reaction is a process in which the number of multiplies rapidly in a geometrical progression.
Generally, two types of chain reactions are possible. They are
(i) Controlled chain reaction:
The number of neutrons released in a controlled chain reaction is always . This is accomplished by using a to absorb the excess neutrons released during the process, leaving only to produce further fission. As a result, the reaction is kept under control.
The energy released by a regulated chain reaction can be used for many constructive purposes. In a , the controlled chain reaction is employed to produce energy in a predictable manner over a long period.
(ii) Uncontrolled chain reaction:
It is calculated that \(10^{23}\) atoms undergo fission in in an uncontrolled chain reaction.
The main difference between the controlled and uncontrolled chain reactions is that in an uncontrolled reaction, an enormous amount of energy is released in a and causes an explosion.
Whereas in the controlled reaction, the energy is released in a , which can be effectively used without causing any destructive explosions.
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