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The hypothalamus is located beneath the thalamus. It functions as a link between the nervous and endocrine systems. The hypothalamus is connected to the anterior lobe by hypophysial portal veins. It is connected to the posterior lobe through axons of the neurosecretory cells.
Hypothalamus
The hormones of the hypothalamus influences and affect the functioning of the pituitary gland and various other organs. It is thus called the control centre or the supreme commander of the endocrine glands.
Attachment of hypothalamus with pituitary gland
Hormones secreted by hypothalamus:
Hypothalamus synthesise at least nine different hormones. They are:
a. Adrenocorticotropic releasing hormone (ARH) - It stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
b. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - It stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary to secrete the hormone thyrotropin or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
c. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) - GHRH stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary to release the growth hormone(GH) or somatotropin.
d. Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH) - GHIH is called somatostatin (SS). SS inhibits the secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.
e. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) - GnRH stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary to secrete the two gonadotropic hormones - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH).
f. Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH) - PRH stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary to release prolactin.
g. Prolactin inhibitory hormone (PIH) - PIH inhibits the prolactin secretion from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
h. MSH releasing hormone (MSHRH) - MSHRH stimulates the intermediate lobe of the pituitary to secrete the melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
i. MSH inhibitory hormone (MSHIH) - MSHIH inhibits the secretion of MSH from the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.
Hormones released by hypothalamus
Reference:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Brain_Anatomy_%28Sagittal%29.png/1024px-Brain_Anatomy_%28Sagittal%29.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Figure_37_05_01ab.jpg/1024px-Figure_37_05_01ab.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Blausen_0536_HypothalamusLocation.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:201405_thyroid_gland.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/201405_mammary_gland.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Male_and_female_gonads.svg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/201405_kidney.png
https://www.savingstudentsmoney.org/OLI/AnPpost.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/1818_The_Adrenal_Glands.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:201405_thyroid_gland.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/201405_mammary_gland.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Male_and_female_gonads.svg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/201405_kidney.png
https://www.savingstudentsmoney.org/OLI/AnPpost.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/1818_The_Adrenal_Glands.jpg
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