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Answer the question given below:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solute is a part of a solution that is present in a smaller quantity by weight. A solvent is a variable that is present in a greater quantity by weight.
Typically, the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature is limited. When this limit is reached, we have a saturated solution, and any additional solute simply settles to the bottom of the solution. A saturated solution is one in which no more solute can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature.
Its solubility better explains the extent of a solute's dissolution in a solvent. Solubility measures of how much of a solute can be dissolved in a given amount of a solvent.
Solubility is defined as the number of grams of a solute that can be dissolved in \(100 g\) of a solvent to form its saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure.
Example:
For example, to form a saturated solution at \(25°C\), \(36 g\) of sodium chloride must be dissolved in \(100 g\) of water. Thus, at \(25°C\), the solubility of \(NaCl\) in water is \(36 g\).
\(\text{Solubility}\) \(=\) \(\frac{\text{Mass of the solute}} {\text{Mass of the solvent}}\) \(\times 100\)
An unsaturated solution is one that has not reached its maximum solubility. This means that more solute could be added to the solvent, and dissolving would continue.
A solution that has attained maximum solubility is called a saturated solution.
Supersaturated solutions are those in which the dissolved solute has risen above the normal saturation point. Typically, a condition such as increased temperature or pressure is required to produce a supersaturated solution.
Read the above passage and answer the question given below:
1. A __________ is a variable that is present in a greater quantity by weight.
2. __________ solutions are those in which the dissolved solute has risen above the normal saturation point.
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