16. Expansion in liquids and gases

In the previous sections, we have learnt about the effects of heating on solids. In this section, we are going to look at,

 

In a liquid, particles will flow or slide over one another but stay near the vessel's bottom. The bonds between separate molecules are usually less.

 

When the substance is heated, its particles gain energy, which is exerted as kinetic energy. The particles in the substance move around faster, weaken the intermolecular forces of attractions, and are thus held less closely together. The liquid expands.

 

The expansion in liquid higher than a solid for the same temperature rise. A gaseous substance has the maximum expansion when compared with solid and liquid.

 

The coefficient of cubical expansion of liquid does not depend on its temperature, whereas its value for gases mainly depends on the temperature of gases.

 

Whenever liquid is heated, it is done by keeping liquid in vessel and applying heat energy to the liquid through the vessel.

 

 

The thermal energy applied will be partly used to expand the vessel and partly expand the liquid. Thus, what we observe may not be the actual or real expansion of the liquid.

 

Hence, for liquids, we can define,