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1. Differentiate between systole and diastole. Explain the conduction of heart beat.
a. Contraction of the heart is called , while the relaxation of the heart is called .
b. The mammalian heart is ,since the heartbeat originates from a muscle.
c. Contraction of the heart is initiated by the , which lies in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava.
d. SA node acts as a of the heart, as it initiates impulses that stimulate the contraction of heart muscles.
e. The impulse from the SA node spreads as a wave of contraction over the right and left atrial wall pushing the blood through atrioventricular (AV) valves into the ventricles. The wave of contraction from the SA node reaches the AV node. The AV node picks the wave of contraction by the SA node. The AV node is stimulated, emitting an impulse of contraction spreading to the ventricular muscle via the atrioventricular bundle and the .
2. Enumerate the functions of blood.
a. Blood aids in the transportation of respiratory gases \(O_2\) and \(CO_2\).
b. Blood transports digested food materials to the various cells present in the body.
c. Blood cannot transport hormones.
d. Blood is involved in the protection of the body and in the defense mechanism.
e. Blood is not involved in the regulation of pH and body temperature.
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