3. Food chain

In a forest, the deer eats grass, the tiger, in turn, eats the deer. In an ecosystem, there is a chain like relationship present between organisms that inhabit the particular ecosystem.

The food chain describes how an organism derives energy and nutrients by eating other organisms. It shows the relationship between the producers and the consumers (e.g. deer, goats, cows and tiger).

 

 

  

  

Flow of energy:

 

The food chain starts with the energy that is given by the sun. Sun is the ultimate source of energy that helps and triggers the process of photosynthesis in the producers.

 

When the grasshopper eats grass, the grasshoppers obtains energy from the grass. The energy thus flows from grass to grasshopper. The frog obtains energy by consuming grasshopper. The energy is then transferred to a snake, when the snake consumes the frog, and so on.

 

Thus, primary energy production in the living worlds is through the plants (through the process of photosynthesis).

 

 

The microorganisms reduce the excreta and dead bodies of animals into simple organic material and put them into the soil in the form of humus.

 

Humus is a nutrient-rich material that helps the plants to grow. Thus energy travels from primary producers to highest level predators, then back to soil.