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All the materials do not have the same density. Depending on the nature of the material, the density varies.
Materials with a higher density are referred to as denser, while those with a lower density are rarer. For example, water is a denser material with high density, and the air is rarer with low density.
Relationship between the density, mass and volume
We can find the mass and volume of an object with the help of the density formula.
 
Density(D)=Mass(M)Volume(V)Mass(M)=Density(D)×Volume(V)Volume(V)=Mass(M)Density(D)
 
The pictorial representation of the formula is shown below as a density triangle.
 
YCIND22052022_3765_Measurements (TN 7th Corrections)_11.png
Density of substances at room temperature
The table below shows the nature of different materials with their respective densities.
 
Nature
Material
Density in
kg/ m^3
Gas
Air
1.2
Liquid
Kerosene
800
Liquid
Water
1,000
Liquid
Mercury
13,600
Solid
Wood
770
Solid
Aluminium
2700
Solid
Iron
7,800
Solid
Copper
8,900
Solid
Silver
10,500
Solid
Gold
19,300
 
We can find the mass and volume of the materials from these density values.
Solved examples
1. Find the volume of an iron sphere having a mass of 2000 kg. [Density of iron is 7800 kg/m^3].
 
Mass of iron sphere = 2000 kg
 
Density of iron = 7800 kg/m^3
 
Volume ofiron=MassofironDensityofiron=20007800=0.25m3
 
Thus, the volume of an iron sphere is 0.25\ m^3.
 
2. A wooden box has a volume of 200\ cm^3. Calculate the mass of the wooden box with a density of 0.77 g/cm^3.
 
Volume of the box = 200\ cm^3
 
Density of wood = 0.77 g/cm^3
 
Mass =Volume×Density=200×0.77=154g
 
Therefore, the mass of the wooden box is 154\ g.
 
Important!
Units of the density value should be converted according to the problems.
3. A solid aluminium can of mass 100\ g has a volume of 500\ cm^3. Find the density of the can.
 
Mass of the aluminium can = 100 g
Volume of the aluminium can = 500\ cm^3
 
Density =MassVolume=100500=0.2g/cm3
 
Hence, the density of the aluminium can is found to be 0.2\ g/cm^3.