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9. ISRO

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is the space agency managed by the Department of Space and reporting to the Prime minister’s office headquartered in Bangalore.
  
ISRO was formed in August \(15\), \(1969\), which replaced its predecessor INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research), established in \(1962\) by India’s first Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru and scientist Vikram Sarabhai who was recognized as the founding fathers of Indian space program.
  
Vision of ISRO:
  • To develop Harness space technology for national development while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration
History:
 
Achievements by ISRO
April \(15\), \(1975\)
  • Built India's first Satellite named after the astronomer Aryabhata and was launched by the Soviet Union.
\(1980\)
  • Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3.
  • Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits was developed. These rockets have launched numerous communication satellites and earth observation satellites.
   
  •   Satellite navigation systems like GAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed.
January, \(2014\)
  • ISRO used an indigenous cryogenic engine in a GSLV-D5 launch of the GSAT-14.
October \(22\), \(2008\)
  • ISRO sent a lunar orbiter, Chandrayaan-1.
November \(5\), \(2013\)
  • ISRO sent a Mars orbiter, Mars Orbiter mission.
September \(24\), \(2014\)
  • Mars Orbiter mission reaches Mars orbit and became the first nation to succeed in its first attempt.
  • India became the first Asian country to reach Mars orbit and Fourth space agency to reach Mars, after Roscosmos, NASA, and the European Space Agency.
June \(18\), \(2016\)
  • ISRO set a record with a launch of \(20\) satellites in a single payload.

February \(15\), \(2017\)

  • ISRO created a world record by launched \(104\) satellites in a single rocket (PSLV-C37).
June \(5\), \(2017\)
  • ISRO became capable of launching \(4\) ton heavy satellites by launched its heaviest rocket, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle - Mark III (GSLV-Mk III), and placed a communications satellite GSAT-19 in orbit.
July \(22\), \(2019\)
  • ISRO launched Chandrayaan 2, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-MkIII).
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August \(20\), \(2019\)
  • Chandrayaan 2 entered the Moon’s orbit. 
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September \(7\), \(2019\)
  • Chandrayaan 2's lander landed on the Moon.
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