Characteristics of various valent ions — lesson. Science State Board, Class 8.

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Monovalent, divalent, trivalent ions:

During a chemical reaction, an atom can gain or lose more than one electron. If the number of charges over an ion or radical is

$1$ ,

$2$ ,

$3$ , and

$4$ , it is monovalent, divalent, trivalent, and tetravalent, respectively.

The valencies of the ions can vary depending on the charges they carry.

Valency of anions (negative radicals) and cations (positive radicals):

An anion or cation's valency represents the number of hydrogen atoms or any other monovalent atoms (

$Na$ ,

$K$ ,

$Cl$ ) that combine with them to give a suitable compound.

Example:

Two hydrogen atoms couple with one sulphate ion to form sulfuric acid.

The valency of sulphate ion is

$2$ .

$2 H + {SO}_{4}^{2 -} \to H_{2} {SO}_{4}$

One chlorine atom couple with one ammonium ion to form ammonium chloride.

${NH}_{4}^{+} + Cl \to {NH}_{4} Cl$

The valency of ammonium ion is

$1$ .

Some anions' valencies:

Some cations' valencies:

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7. Characteristics of various valent ions