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1. Rainwater harvesting:
Water obtained through rain generally flows away as surface runoff. Rainwater can be saved and is used to replenish the groundwater levels of the Earth.
The process of preventing the rainwater from flowing away and storing it for different purposes is called rainwater harvesting.
Rainwater harvesting can be:
a. Rooftop rainwater harvesting: This method collects rainwater from rooftops before being routed into percolation pits via pipes. Rainwater is filtered before entering recharge pits or ground wells.
Rooftop rainwater harvesting
b. Water from roadside drains collects rainwater and is sent to the ground directly.
2. Improved irrigation techniques - sprinkler and drip irrigation.
Sprinkler and drip irrigation
3. Use of traditional water harvesting structures. An example includes the Bawris. The construction of Bawris is for the storage of water and recharge of groundwater.
With time the usage of Bawris declined as it fell into disuse. It was because garbage started piling in these reservoirs. Due to the shortage of water in these areas, people are again using them to overcome the problem of water scarcity.
Bawris
4. Minimising the consumption of domestic water.
5. Creating awareness on water conservation.
6. Recycling water.
7. Construction of farm ponds.
Reference:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simple_Diagram_to_show_Rainwater_Harvesting.png
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