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1. Write a note on orbital velocity.
are designed to revolve in orbit at the height of a few hundred kilometres above the Earth.
The is negligible at this height.
The imparted to a at the determined height to make a around the planet is called orbital velocity.
A satellite's from the Earth determines its orbital velocity. The value of orbital velocity should be if the satellite is to the Earth.
For example, the required orbital velocity is slightly more than \(27,400\ km/h\) at an altitude of \(200\ kilometres\) above Earth. The same orbital speed and distance allow the satellite to complete one revolution in \(24\ hours\).
Since the rotation of the Earth is , a satellite also remains in a relative to a point on the Earth’s surface.
The orbit in which the satellite stays over the all the time is known as Geostationary.
Formula of orbital velocity:
The orbital velocity is calculated using the formula,
Where,
\(G\) is the \(\times 10^{–11}\) \(Nm^2kg^{-2}\),
\(M\) is the \(\times 10^{24}\) \(kg\),
\(R\) is the ,
\(h\) is the from the Earth's surface.
Time period of a satellite:
The by a satellite to complete around the Earth is called the time period.
On substituting the values of \(v\), we get
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