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High Courts
According to the Indian constitution, every state should have a high court that serves as the centre of the state's judicial system. It is also possible for two or more states and union territories to have a common high court.
Example:
Ernakulam High court for Kerala & Lakshadweep.
Chandigarh High court for Punjab, Haryana & Chandigarh.
Chandigarh High court for Punjab, Haryana & Chandigarh.
Every high court consists of a Chief Justice and several judges, who the President of India determines from time to time. The Chief Justice of the high court will be appointed by the President of India from due consultation with India's Chief Justice and the Governor of the State.
The maximum numbers of high court judges are not defined in the constitution; the President of India appoints the judges when necessary.
To become a High Court Judge, one should possess the below-mentioned qualifications:
- Should be an Indian Citizen
- A minimum of ten years of work experience as a judge in any court in India.
- Lawyers with not less than ten years of practice in any high courts in India
The retirement age of high court judges is 62 years. A High court or Supreme Court judge can be sacked from office by the president on account of misbehaviour and or incapability.
Power and Functions of the High Court
High courts power and functions are divided into:
- Judicial Power
- Administrative Powers.
The high courts have been empowered to issue writs of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, certiorari, and Quo-Warranto or Prohibition to protect the fundamental rights.
Apart from the military and interstate water tribunal, all other tribunals state come under the jurisdiction of the high court of the state.
The below mentioned Subordinate courts come under the control of the High court of the state:
- District courts
- District Munsif courts
- Courts of judicial magistrates of first-class
- Courts of judicial magistrates of second-class
- E-courts
If a case proceeding in a lower court is unsatisfactory, the high court can transfer the case to itself or any other court as per the constitutional law.
Its verdicts are recorded like the Supreme Court of India called as "Courts of Record".
For the administrative purpose, a state is further divided into a number of district courts headed by district judges and appointed by the State Governor.
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