15. Answer in detail I

Explain the agricultural practices.

 

a. Soil preparationIrrigationSowing of seeds is the first step before growing the crop. The most important part is to turn and tighten the topsoilloosen the topsoil.

b. PloughingBasal ManuringLevelling is the process of loosening and turning the soil (up and down) to facilitate nutrient availability to the root.

 

c. Basal ManuringLevellingPloughing of soil is done through an implement called a leveller, that is a heavy wooden or iron plank. It helps in the uniform distribution of water during the process of irrigation.

 

d. Basal ManuringLevellingPloughing is a means through which manure is added to the soil. The process increases the soil fertility.

 

e. Soil preparationIrrigationSowing of seeds is the second step in the production of crops. It is the process of planting seeds in the soil.

 

f. Seed drillSowing by handDibbling involves scattering seeds by hand in the loosened soil. It is also called broadcasting, and is the most economical method among the sowing methods. DibblingSeed drillSowing by handis also called as seeder, which is a modern method of seed sowing. It is a device used for better and more efficiency. It is done by attaching iron drills to a tractor. DibblingSowing by handSeed drill involves the placement of seeds in a hole, furrow, or pit at a definite spacing with a dibble, by hand.

 

g. The process of adding manure and fertilisers to replenish soil fertility in the fields is called irrigationmanuring.

 

h. The process of supplying water in controlled amounts and regular intervals to the crops is called manuringirrigation. Modern methodTraditional method irrigation is done manually. Traditional methodModern method involves two prominent methods, which includes sprinkler system and drip system.

 

i. Cutting and gathering matured crops are called harvestingwinnowingthreshing. The process of separation of seeds from chaffs or pods is called threshingwinnowingharvesting. The process of separation of the grains is called threshingharvestingwinnowing.