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| S.No. | Properties | Acid | Base |
| 1. | Taste | Sour taste | Bitter taste |
| 2. | Litmus test | Blue litmus turns red. | Red litmus turns blue. |
| 3. | Electrical conductivity | Since their aqueous solutions contain ions, they conduct electricity. | Conducts electricity just as acids can. |
| 4. | Reaction with metals | Produces hydrogen gas when they react with active metals. | Produces hydrogen gas and salt when they react with metals. |
| 5. | Reaction with metallic oxide | Salt and water are produced. | Reacts with non-metallic oxides to produce salt and water. |
| 6. | Reaction with acid/base | Acids and bases combine to form salt and water. | Acids and bases combine to form salt and water. |
| 7. | pH | < \(7\) | > \(7\) |
| 8. | In aqueous solutions | Produces \(H^+\) ions. | Produces \(OH^-\) ions. |
Uses of acids:
- Since it is used to make many other compounds, sulphuric acid is known as the "King of Chemicals." It is also used in car batteries.
- In toilets, hydrochloric acid is used as a cleaning agent.
- Citric acid is used to make effervescent salts and is also used as a food preservative.
- Fertilizers, dyes, colours and medicines are all made with nitric acid.
- Iron and manganese deposits on quartz crystals are removed with oxalic acid. It is also used to remove black stains and as wood bleach.
- In aerated beverages, carbonic acid is used.
- Baking powder has tartaric acid as a component.
Uses of bases:
- In the production of soap, sodium hydroxide is used.
- Buildings are whitewashed with calcium hydroxide.
- Magnesium hydroxide is a drug that is used to treat stomach problems.
- Grease stains on clothing are removed with ammonium hydroxide.
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