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Bases can be categorised in different ways based on the following factors:
- Acidity
- Ionisation
- Concentration
Acidity
The number of replaceable hydroxide ions in one molecule of the base is referred to as acidity.
Based on their acidity, the base can be classified into monoacidic, diacidic and triacidic bases.
Monoacidic base: The base that ionises in water gives only one hydroxide ion per molecule called monoacidic basic. Example: \(NaOH\), \(KOH\), \(NH_4)OH\)
Diacidic base: The base that ionises in water gives two hydroxide ions per molecule. Example: \(Ca(OH)_2\), \(Mg(OH)_2\)
Triacidic base: The base that ionises in water gives three hydroxide ions per molecule. Example: \(Al(OH)_3\), \(Fe(OH)_3\)
Concentration
Concentrated alkali: It is an alkali with a large amount of alkali in the aqueous solution.
Diluted alkali: It is an alkali with a small quantity of alkali in the aqueous solution.
Ionisation
The process of being dissociated into ions by heat, radiation, chemical reactions or electrical discharge is known as ionisation. Strong alkalis are those that are completely ionised in water, while weak alkalis are only partially ionised.
Example for strong alkalis: \(NaOH\), \(KOH\), \(CsOH\), \(Ba(OH)_2\), etc.
Example for weak alkalis: \(NH_3\), \(NH_4OH\), \(Ca(OH)_2\), pyridine, methylamine, etc.
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